The current study aims to identify the social and environmental problems associated with child labour, in addition to determinining the nature of the relationship between child labour and the decline of their right to develop their abilities and skills, as well as to analyze the nature of the relationship between the social characteristics of the children engaged in child labour and the spread of the phenomenon of child labour. The study sample working children A total of one hundred and fifty children. This study was applied to children engaged in child labour  in the governorates of (Cairo, Fayoum, and Beheira) as a sample of the total community of children engaged in child labour, taking into account the variation in environments. The study adopts the survey method as its scientific methodology. Through a descriptive analytical study, given the nature of the study population, the type of work, and the target group and using the questionnaire tool, the results of the study revealed that the majority of children engaged in child labour lack the needs of: family and health care, and adequate social protection.
The study resulted in a group of social and environmental problems, such as problems related to: educational status - economic status - family cohesion - customs, traditions and cultural heritage - violations and hectic work, as well as environmental and health problems: pollutants - healthy work environment - infectious diseases - occupational safety and health.The results of the study were also confirmed by analyzing the relationship between social characteristics of children engaged in child labour, the phenomenon of child labour at the educational level is the factor most closely linked to the risks of poverty. The study recommends the need  to expand social protection thresholds of the Ministry of Social Solidarity and calls on the Ministry of Education to improve the structure of the schools to make it appealing. It also stresses the need for the media to raise the necessary awareness regarding combating child labour.