This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution and the scope of influence of the Nile Valley cities on the distribution and emergence of Egyptian spread of urbanization during the past seventy years (1952 - 2020), which witnessed tremendous social and economic changes in the Middle East. At the beginning of the research, there is a qualitative review of the literature related to urban systems and methods of spatial analysis, then it is completed by examining the spatial distribution and the area of influence of the Nile River on the shape of the villages and cities of the valley in analyzing the spatial distribution, its multiple patterns (concentration and dispersion), the relationship of size to the distance between cities, and determining the area of influence of each city quantitatively. Through these steps in a deductive ways, the research reaches some important recommendations to overcome the imbalance in the exposed spatial distribution and the imbalance in the urban system and pattern in the Nile Valley and to manage the urban future in the area confined to both banks of the river through decentralization and within the framework of the size gradient that ensures the distribution of services through the existence of geographical balance in the urban flood urban pattern that suffers from environmental problems and a low and varying degree of sustainable development. Keywords: environment, sustainability, patterns, urbanism