The research aims to study and analyze the economics of producing the pepper crop in protected cultivations in Egypt to achieve the maximum production per unit area of these crops, by studying the current situation of the pepper crop using traditional agriculture and protected cultivation under agricultural greenhouses during the period (2020/2021). And also an estimate of the economic efficiency of the resources used in its production in each of them. As well as studying the functions of crop production and costs in Egypt with protected agriculture and comparing it with traditional agriculture in the study sample. The financial and economic evaluation of crop production methods using the method of protected agriculture (greenhouses) in the study sample. The study relies on the two methods of descriptive and quantitative analysis to study and analyze the research problem related to the agricultural production of the pepper crop in Egypt in traditional and protected cultivation under greenhouses, based on some measurements and statistical analysis such as simple and multiple regression and some indicators of economic efficiency. The research concluded the importance of protected agriculture, the high efficiency of greenhouse production compared to the open cultivation of the pepper crop. Exports, as well as focusing on protected agriculture as a method of technology transfer that contributes to the production and marketing of crops with specific specifications by developing the performance of sorting, grading and packaging processes. Also, interest in future studies in studying the estimation of maintenance costs, marketing costs, and expected revenues for the activity through simplified feasibility studies.