This study aims to identify the extent of activating the legal protection of the environment in order to try to develop the legal base in the Egyptian legislation to keep pace with the development of environmental crimes, by strengthening the legislative system in Egypt, in addition to studying many international conventions to consider Egypt as one of its parties, and knowledge of all laws related to the environment to preserve on environmental resources, and contribute to achieving an increase in punitive deterrence as a precautionary measure in addition to other measures provided by these laws to reach sustainable development, which is reflected on the national economy, and the role of the Egyptian government in solving environmental problems, as well as defining the relationship between environmental deterrence and limiting those crimes, in a manner that ensures Restoring environmental balance and achieving economic development. To achieve this goal, the researcher relied on inductive approach, from Arab and foreign books, references and studies, then the analytical approach to the problem of environmental crimes and environmental pollution. And, the deductive approach, by conducting a field study by designing a survey list for specialists in the field of legal and economic environmental sciences (300) individuals as a study sample. The results indicated the need to work on introducing several legislative amendments in the field of criminalization and punishment of environmental crimes, in order to achieve adequate deterrence for the perpetrators of these crimes, and to emphasize the importance of an effective mechanism for implementation and technical follow-up of developments in environmental problems. The study recommended the need to include an environment curriculum with the curricula in public education and universities, and to pay attention to scientific and academic research in the field of criminalization, punishment and environmental economics due to the scarcity of research on this subject in Egypt. To emphasize the importance of international cooperation in the field of combating environmental pollution, with a focus on developing a unified strategy between neighboring countries - in particular - in order to achieve the effectiveness of environmental protection programs.