In the past two decades, the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in inflammation gained much attention for
their modification of inflammatory gene expression. They accordingly serve as diagnostic and/or prognostic
biomarkers as well as potential therapeutic targets and vaccine candidates in various inflammatory
diseases. These small (18-25 nucleotides) double-stranded ncRNA, microRNA (miRNA) are highly conserved
occurring naturally in all eukaryotic genomes. They target specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to regulate
their post-transcriptional expression resulting in translation suppression and gene silencing. Therefore, they
act as master regulators of gene expression in homeostasis and disease. Proved evidences showed that all
eukaryotes selectively sort miRNAs into extracellular vesicles (EVs) for secretion to nearby or distant targets.
Besides, recent studies validated the ncRNAs role in RNA maturation, protein synthesis and post-translational
pathway of autophagy. The aim of the present review is to understand ncRNAs functional roles with special
emphasis on miRNAs and their potential applications in Parasitology research, as well as the effects of human
miRNAs in host-parasite interactions.