Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a severe complication of ascitic patients. Hospital readmissions indicate poor care, but little is known regarding their frequency and determinants in SBP. This study aims to identify variables that can predict 30-day readmission in SBP patients. Materials and methods: This study comprised 253 people hospitalized with SBP. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed using index hospitalization data to identify predictors of hospital readmission after 30 days. Results: 200 patients completed the research, and 53 were readmitted (22.6% within the first week, 41.4% throughout the second weeks, 34% within the third week of departure, and none within the fourth week post departure. Readmitted patients were older, had MELD ≥15, lower serum albumin, and higher serum bilirubin than patients without readmission; however, there was a decrease in readmission with levofloxacin treatment for SBP. The results of a logistic regression study of the variables determining the readmission revealed a statistically significant relationship between increased readmission with age ≥ 60 (p= 0.003) with AOR 95% CI: 2.9 (1.4- 6.1), MELD ≥ 15 (p= 0.007) with AOR 95% CI: 2.8 (1.3-5.9), decreased serum albumin (p= 0.02) with AOR 95% CI: 2.5 (1.2-5.1), however, levofloxacin therapy was associated with reduced readmission; AOR 95% CI: 0.157 (0.02-1.22). Conclusion: Increased age, MELD ≥ 15, and lower serum albumin were predictors of SBP 30-day readmission risk; however, levofloxacin therapy was related to a lower readmission rate. Early readmission can be discovered to avoid adverse outcomes potentially.