Background: Diabetes raises the risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Fetal macrosomia is one of the most common perinatal problems in diabetes pregnancy, particularly in women with poor glycemic control.
Aim: Determine the association between maternal serum lipid levels, particularly TG and TC levels, and newborn BW. Also, the ability of TG and TC levels was tested to predict macrosomia.
Materials and Methods: This observational cohort study was conducted on 150 pregnant women divided into two groups 75 pregnant women with type2 DM and 75 pregnant women with GDM at 3rd trimester GA of 29-40 week. The following lipid parameters were measured.
Results: There is no statistically significant difference between the type 2DM group compared to GDM group regarding age, height, weight, BMI, F.B.G, 2HPP.BG, HbA1c, parity LDL, neonatal weight and gestational age (p > 0.05). On the other hand, there was a statistically significant difference between the type 2DM and GDM groups regarding TC, TG, and HDL. By applying Spearman's correlation test, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between neonatal weight and age, TC, TG, and parity in the type 2DM group. Regression analysis defined Neonatal weight development among the type 2DM group as the persistently significant positive predictor for TG.
Conclusion: This research demonstrated the utility of measuring fasting serum TG and TC levels measured at third-trimester pregnancy correlated positively with neonatal BW and may be considered an independent predictor of fetal macrosomia at term in type 2DM and GDM.