Background: Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory process caused by microorganisms affecting the tissues around an osseointegrated implant in function, resulting in a loss of supporting bone.
Methods: this study was performed on 23 patients of both sexes with peri-implantitis aged between 34-57 years old. Patients had implant probing depth (IPD) of ≥ 5 mm, bleeding and/or suppuration on probing and evidence of radiographic of bone loss of at least 3 mm. Patients were randomly divided into two groups to receive either propolis gel (group I) or chlorhexidine gel (group II). Clinical assessment includes modified plaque index (MPI), modified gingival index (MGI), and implant probing depth (IPD) were recorded at baseline (prior to treatment) and at 3 and 6 months after treatment and biochemical assessment, include bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) were collected from Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) at baseline (prior to treatment), 7 and 14 days after treatment.
Results: The two treatment modalities were effective in reducing the clinical parameters associated with peri-implantitis. Regarding biochemical parameters, BMP-2 level showed no significant difference intra or inter groups at baseline, 7, or 14. On the other hand, IL-1 β level showed intragroup significant improvement in both groups from baseline to 7 and 14 days, while in comparison between the two groups, no significant difference was found.
Conclusions: Both treatments are effective in reducing inflammation, plaque accumulation and reduction in implant pocket depth and (IL-1β) and increasing (BMP) level, although it was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding biochemical parameters.