Objectives: The objective of the current study is to evaluate the efficacy of MTA, Simvastatin and 3Mixtatin (a mixture of three antibiotics combined with simvastatin) as a novel pulp capping biomaterial in primary molars.

Patients and Methods: In this randomized controlled trial (RCT), a total of 45 children were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department – Faculty of Dentistry Ain-Shams University. Children having deep caries in first or second upper and lower primary molars with normal gingival and periodontal condition, were randomly allocated into three groups. Small non-caries pulpal exposures were treated by direct pulp capping (DPC) using either simvastatin, 3Mixtatin, or MTA. Capping materials were covered with highly viscous reinforced glass ionomer capsules. Clinical and radiographic evaluation were performed at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after treatment.

Results: By the end of 12 months follow up period, the overall success rates were 92.3% in MTA, 92.3% in 3Mixtatin and 20.0% in simvastatin groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the outcomes of MTA and 3Mixtatin groups (P > 0.05). 3Mixtatin and MTA had statistically superior results compared to simvastatin (P < 0.01).

Conclusions: Based on radiographic and clinical outcomes, 3Mixtatin can be used successfully as DPC material in primary teeth.