This study aimed to evaluate the value of hepatocyte-derived miRNA-122 and insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) in the diagnosis of liver affections in dogs. The study was carried out on 122 dogs of different breeds, sex, and ages, divided into 4 groups, acute hepatitis (AH), chronic hepatitis (CH), cholangitis (CHL), and control (C) groups. All dogs were subjected to clinical, hematological, biochemical, and ultrasonographic examinations. AH diseased dogs showed various clinical signs including jaundice and fever, and a significant decrease in IGF-1. Dogs with CH showed weight loss, dullness, ascites, and a significant (P≤ 0.001) decrease in RBCs count and Hb content. Dogs with AH and CH showed a significant (P≤ 0.001) elevation of ALT, AST, IL6, MDA, CRP, and a significant (P≤ 0.001) decrease of albumin, SOD, and GSH. Serum miRNA-122 analysis revealed a significant increase in the AH, CH, and CHL groups. Ultrasonographic findings revealed a diffused decrease in echogenicity of liver parenchyma in the AH group, but a diffused increase in echogenicity of liver parenchyma in the CH group. The current study concluded that hepatocyte-derived miRNA-122 is a promising molecular biomarker for the diagnosis of liver affections in dogs. In addition, IGF-1 is a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of AH disorders.