This study was conducted on 30 pregnant Arabian mares  from  El Zahra Arab Stud in Egypt and aim of this study is complete analysis of maternal behavior in mares and studying the factors affect the gestation length also analysis of some hormones related to maternal behavior. For each mare the gestation length (GL) and circadian rhythm of foaling were recorded. Obtained results revealed that the gestation length  recorded 317 to 338 days with an average of 327 d,there was  a difference in (GL) between multiparous (327.5d) and primiparous (324 d) and male (319.5 d), female (327.5d) ,  foaling time was recorded 70 % of mares foaled AM  at 14.00 to 17.00 hours, and 30 % of mares give birth PM at 3.00 to 9.00 hours. The three stages of parturition were analyzed by direct observation and by video tape analysis. Blood sample were taken directly after parturition and subjected to hormonal assay for progesterone and prolactin analysis. Mare - foal relationship was thoroughly investigated (smelling, licking, nursing, and vocalization ). Maternal behavior revealed that latency of time of mother to first contact with foal, first lick  and first feeding was 10,50, 12   and 16,44 minute post partum respectively. the umbilical cord was cut after standing of the mare 12 minute pp. Foal behavior recorded latency of time to first attempt  to stand, successful standing,first suckle and passing of meconium within 5.15 m, 105 ,110 ,12 minute  postpartum respectively. Suckling bout and Frequency of suckling recorded ( time / hour  ) during first 24 , 48, 72 , 96 , 120 hour respectively.