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The Effects of Hormones on The eyes and Blurry Vision in Rabbits, Kittens, Rats, and Humans

Article

Last updated: 23 Dec 2024

Subjects

-

Tags

Physiology & Animal Nutrition

Abstract

This review explains that various hormones are chemical messengers affecting eyesight and vision. Several factors, including side effects, hormonal changes during pregnancy, and pharmaceuticals, which include hormone replacement treatment or oral contraceptives, can cause blurred vision. Furthermore, hormones like thyroid hormones, melatonin, estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, insulin, growth hormone, prostaglandins, adrenaline, and noradrenaline can affect the function of the eyes and vision, and their imbalances or abnormalities can cause changes in vision, including blurry vision. Consequently, growth hormone (G.H.) plays an important role in the visual organs of birds, reptiles, and mammals. The importance of growth hormone in ocular function, both under normal physiological conditions and in abnormal pathological conditions, appears significant. In addition, stress can impact hormone levels and potentially lead to vision problems. Cortisol is a hormone that is secreted during stress times which has been studied in both wild and domestic cats. Hence, medical conditions such as diabetes can affect the ocular and visual systems through changes in hormone levels. So, the neurotransmitters dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin have an inhibitory effect on the visual cortex. Additionally, they inhibit the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. When excitations are induced for extended periods, this can result in inhibition. The results show significant differences between species that could affect their vision abilities. In conclusion, hormones play an important role in maintaining visual health and regulating any hormonal irregularities or dysfunctions that may arise in these systems. Thus, animals with hormonal systems like humans may experience blurry vision due to the effects of hormones on their eyes.

DOI

10.21608/ejvs.2024.271130.1859

Keywords

Blurry vision, Hormones, Animals, humans

Authors

First Name

Imtithal

Last Name

Mohammed

MiddleName

Ali

Affiliation

Department of Optical Techniques, Al-Noor University College, Mosul, Iraq

Email

emtithal.ali@alnoor.edu.iq

City

Mosul

Orcid

0000-0001-8446-1725

First Name

Hala

Last Name

O. Adnan

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Anesthesia Techniques, Al-Noor University College, Mosul, Iraq

Email

-

City

-

Orcid

-

Volume

56

Article Issue

1

Related Issue

46825

Issue Date

2025-01-01

Receive Date

2024-02-18

Publish Date

2025-01-01

Page Start

241

Page End

255

Print ISSN

1110-0222

Online ISSN

2357-089X

Link

https://ejvs.journals.ekb.eg/article_352776.html

Detail API

https://ejvs.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=352776

Order

352,776

Type

Review Artical

Type Code

329

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Publication Link

https://ejvs.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

The Effects of Hormones on The eyes and Blurry Vision in Rabbits, Kittens, Rats, and Humans

Details

Type

Article

Created At

23 Dec 2024