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Toxinotyping and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) Networks and Functional Annotation of the Detected Toxin Genes of Clostridium perfringens Isolated from food samples in Duhok P

Article

Last updated: 01 Jan 2025

Subjects

-

Tags

Veterinary Parasitology & Microbiology

Abstract

Clostridium perfringens is a zoonotic pathogen causing health problems like gas gangrene, food poisoning, and other enteric infections, especially in livestock, causing global economic losses. In the present article, C. perfringens isolates were obtained from 94 food samples, including chicken shawerma, meat shawerma, chicken kabab, meat kabab; and canned fish and chickens collected from 6 markets and stores, and 34 restaurants within Duhok province, Iraq during the period from June 1st, to August 31, 2022. The strains were isolated on CHROMagarTM C. perfringens agar and blood agar, and confirmed by PCR depending on 16 rRNA, and toxin typing based on genes encoding alpha (CPA), beta (CPB), epsilon (ETX), iota (IAP), enterotoxin (CPE), and necrotic beta-like (NetB) toxins. From the 62 samples collected from the restaurants, 44 were grown on CHROMagarTM C. perfringens as orange colonies, representing 71%, and confirmed with PCR.  All the samples collected from canned foods were negative for C. perfringens. Out of 28 isolates from meat kabab, 26 (92.9%) carried alpha toxin gene, while only 2 (7.15%) samples carried both alpha and epsilon toxin genes, which represent type D strains. From the 8 isolates isolated from chicken shawerma, only alpha (CPA) gene was detected in 6 (75%) samples, while alpha toxin and enterotoxin genes were detected in 2 (25%) isolates which refer to type F type. All the other samples were diagnosed as type A as they carried only the alpha toxin gene from the six toxins investigated.  Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) Networks and Functional Annotation of the Detected Toxin Genes revealed that the top Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were glycerophospholipid metabolism; activation of this pathway led to induction of the toxin production in C. perfringens which in turn causes gangrene related diseases in humans and animals. To conclude that the prevalence of C. perfringens was very high in food samples from restaurants, especially in meat kabab and chicken kabab, followed by a relatively lower rate in meat shawerma and chicken shawerma. However, the vast majority of the isolates from food samples were C. perfringens type A, but D and F types were also detected, as besides CPA toxin, they also produce ETX and CPE toxins. None of the investigated imported canned foods (tuna, sardine, and processed chicken) carried C. perfringens.

DOI

10.21608/ejvs.2023.246826.1665

Keywords

Clostridium perfringens, Alpha toxin, Epsilon, enterotoxin, KEGG pathways

Authors

First Name

Ayaz

Last Name

Mamsin

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Pathology and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Duhok

Email

ayazmamsin7@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

0009-0003-7687-7335

First Name

Khadija

Last Name

Barzani

MiddleName

Khalil Mustafa

Affiliation

Department of Biology/College of Education/Salahaddin University-Erbil

Email

khadija.mustafa@su.edu.krd

City

-

Orcid

0000-0003-2330-5459

First Name

Bushra

Last Name

Mohammed

MiddleName

Taher

Affiliation

PATHOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY, college of Veterinary Medicine, University of Duhok

Email

bushrat.mohammed@uod.ac

City

Duhok

Orcid

0000-0002-0621-1103

Volume

55

Article Issue

4

Related Issue

44526

Issue Date

2024-07-01

Receive Date

2023-11-06

Publish Date

2024-07-01

Page Start

1,083

Page End

1,093

Print ISSN

1110-0222

Online ISSN

2357-089X

Link

https://ejvs.journals.ekb.eg/article_333643.html

Detail API

https://ejvs.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=333643

Order

333,643

Type

Original Article

Type Code

140

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Publication Link

https://ejvs.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Toxinotyping and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) Networks and Functional Annotation of the Detected Toxin Genes of Clostridium perfringens Isolated from food samples in Duhok P

Details

Type

Article

Created At

23 Dec 2024