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287824

Investigation and Prevalence of Hard Ticks Infestation in Ruminant Farm Animals in the United Kingdom

Article

Last updated: 01 Jan 2025

Subjects

-

Tags

Veterinary Parasitology & Microbiology

Abstract

Ticks are haematophagic ectoparasites of domestic, wild animals and humans so an important part of the rationale is the risk of zoonotic disease. Globally, tick infestation causes considerable economic losses of approximately US$ 14-19 billion annually, although scientific data is limited. This study aimed to measure tick infestation amongst ruminant animals in the UK, to investigate tick prevalence, identify tick-species and risk factors associated with high tick prevalence. An online questionnaire and tick samples were used to estimate tick prevalence and identify risk factors. Tick infestation was distributed across the UK, with a higher prevalence in England (47%), Wales (28%) and Scotland (21%) compared to the Isle of Man (4%) and Northern Ireland (2%) at the time the study was conducted. Sixty-five percent of farmers that responded to the questions reported that they had previously had a tick-infestation in their herd or flock. The dominant tick species found was Ixodes ricinus (73%), followed by Ixodes hexagonus (18%) and Dermacentor reticulatus (10%). Upland farming (44%), not performing acaricide treatment (57%) and the presence of domestic pets and wildlife (67%) were significant risk factors. Although the prevalence rate is lower compared to other countries, this study provides evidence that tick infestation in livestock is a concern for UK farmers and warrants further investigation.

DOI

10.21608/ejvs.2023.188100.1433

Keywords

Ixodes ricinus, ruminants, Ticks, prevalence, Risk factors and United Kingdom

Authors

First Name

Sheeza

Last Name

Iqbal

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Animal and Agriculture, Hartpury University, Hartpury, Gloucestershire, GL19 3BE, United Kingdom

Email

sheeza894@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

0000-0001-6146-1626

First Name

James

Last Name

Swanson

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Animal and Agriculture, Hartpury University, Hartpury, Gloucestershire, GL19 3BE, UK

Email

james.swanson@hartpury.ac.uk

City

-

Orcid

0000-0002-3324-3354

First Name

Lisa

Last Name

Williams

MiddleName

Kate

Affiliation

Department of Animal and Agriculture, Hartpury University, Hartpury, Gloucestershire, GL19 3BE, UK

Email

lisa.williams2@hartpury.ac.uk

City

-

Orcid

0000-0003-0250-5902

Volume

54

Article Issue

3

Related Issue

39105

Issue Date

2023-05-01

Receive Date

2023-01-24

Publish Date

2023-05-01

Page Start

445

Page End

455

Print ISSN

1110-0222

Online ISSN

2357-089X

Link

https://ejvs.journals.ekb.eg/article_287824.html

Detail API

https://ejvs.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=287824

Order

287,824

Type

Original Article

Type Code

140

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Publication Link

https://ejvs.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Investigation and Prevalence of Hard Ticks Infestation in Ruminant Farm Animals in the United Kingdom

Details

Type

Article

Created At

23 Dec 2024