Introduction: Measuring of a chemical, its metabolite, or biochemical effect in a biological sample with the aim to identify exposure is known as biomonitoring. To determine the type and quantity of substances present in the body as a result of
occupational and environmental exposures, biomonitoring is an essential technique. It has changed from being a tool for study to becoming a crucial aspect of exposure assessment. Aim of Work: to discuss the topic of biomonitoring in the occupational medicine so as to develop and evaluate biomarkers that represent particular exposures or are statistically related to unfavorable outcomes in humans to enable their use in risk prediction, assessment and management. Conclusion: The use of biomonitoring is beneficial for demonstrating adherence to exposure limits, occupational health research and surveillance, evaluating the efficacy of interventions, and assessing and managing risk. In order to aid in the evaluation of exposure and the characterization of exposure routes, biological and environmental monitoring are complementary to each other. Time of sampling and proper biomarker selection are both highly important. It is important
to note that the majority of detected biomarker concentrations do not fundamentally correspond with clinical illness or disease risk. To produce reliable & significant results, laboratory conditions and interpersonal variability are essential. Any biomonitoring programme should also place a priority on ethical and social issues. According to Egypt's Labour Law No. 12/2003, the employer must take all necessary steps to guarantee worker health and safety, particularly with regard to potential mechanical, physical, chemical, and biological threats