Introduction: Acute liver failure (ALF) is one of the emergency illnesses Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell derived (BM-MSC) exosomes are broadly used in recovering medicine.
Aim of the Work: Demonstration of the role of BM-MSC exosomes in hepatic regeneration after acute liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride model in adult male albino rats.
Materials and Methods: 55 adult male albino rats were separated into three groups: Group I (control), group II [given a single intraperitoneal injection (0.05 ml/kg) of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and group III [given a single tail vein injection of 50 μg of BM-MSC exosomes in 100 μl phosphate buffered saline 24 hours post-CCl4]. The rats were sacrificed after 7 and 14 days. Histological examination of liver tissue was performed with biochemical analysis of AST and ALT.
Results: Group II revealed altered hepatic architecture with focal cellular access. Congestion and widening of portal and central veins. Sinusoids appeared disorganized and obliterated. Most hepatocytes had deeply acidophilic cytoplasm with condensed nuclei, while others were seen with pyknotic nuclei and vacuolation in cytoplasm. Collagen fibers were significantly increased. Examination by electron microscope showed hepatocytes with irregular heterochromatic nuclei and rarified cytoplasm with plenty of lipid droplets. Mitochondria decreased in numbers and sizes. Hepatic stellate cells were devoid of lipid droplets. Blood sinusoids showed multiple Kupffer cells. ALT & AST levels were significantly elevated. The exosomes treated rats showed improvement of the previously mentioned histological and biochemical changes.
Conclusion: Failure of liver regeneration and repair through 2 weeks after CCl4 induced toxicity. A single dose of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes improved the hepatic regeneration after acute injury induced by CCl4.