Introduction: Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is a halogen that is widely existing in the environment and used mainly as a food additive. KBrO3 causes severe damage to many tissues through ROS generation. Exogenous antioxidants are used to protect against and/or treat the KBrO3 toxicity.
Aim of the Work: To examine the treatment efficiency of vitamin C (Vit C) or/and vanillin against KBrO3-induced biochemical, hematological, oxidative stress and hepatic and renal histological alterations in male albino rats.
Materials and Methods: Forty five adult male albino rats were categorized into 9 groups equally; Control, Vit C (30mg/kg), Vanillin (100mg/kg), Vit C + Vanillin, KBrO3 (25mg/kg), KBrO3 withdrawal, KBrO3 + Vit C, KBrO3 +Vanillin and KBrO3 +Vit C +Vanillin. Rats administrated KBrO3, vitamin C and vanillin orally and daily for 10 weeks. Rats were sacrificed, blood and tissues were gathered and handled for biochemical, hematological and histological studies.
Results: KBrO3 oral administration increased the serum levels of alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), malondialdehyde (MDA), uric acid and creatinine and significantly decreased the levels of total protein (TP), super oxide dismutase (SOD), WBCs, RBCs, platelets and hemoglobin (Hb). KBrO3 induced hepatic central vein congestion, hepatocytes necrosis, cellular infiltration, atrophy of the glomeruli, renal tubular epithelial cells necrosis and degeneration and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Combined vitamin C or/and vanillin administration attenuated the KBrO3-induced dysfunction by decreasing ALT, AST, γ-GT, MDA uric acid and creatinine levels' and elevating TP, SOD, WBCs, RBCs, platelets and Hb levels' and by improving the liver and kidney architectural lesions.
Conclusion: Vitamin C and Vanillin ameliorates the hematological markers, liver and kidney functional and histological alterations induced by KBrO3 through their antioxidant properties.