Background and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM), is a metabolic disorder coupled with osteoporosis and elevated risk of bone fracture. This work aimed to clarify the impact of diabetes mellitus on bone remodeling changes and to study the role of vitamin D supplementation and mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in decreasing bone remodeling changes in type II DM.
Material and Methods: 30 adult male albino rats were classified into the control group (n-6) and the main experimental group (n=24). All rats in experimental group were given high fat diet and a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (IP) then after 8 weeks they were divided into; Type II DM group; continued without treatment, Type II DM +vitamin D group; received vitamin D orally daily, Type II DM +BM-MSCs group; received a once intravenous injection of 3 × 106 BM-MSCs and Combined treated group; treated with combined BM-MSCs and vitamin D. At the end of the experiment, Blood samples were drawn to measure glucose level, reactive Oxygen species (ROS), lipid profile (FFA), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α.). Femur bone was dissected for biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric, and statistical analysis.
Results: Mean serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol (TCH), ROS & TNF-α were significantly increased and associated with a significant decrease of HDL & FFA levels in Type II DM, Type II DM +vitamin D and Type II DM +BM-MSCs groups. In addition, the levels of Wnt/ b-catenin and BCL2 were significantly decreased, while sclerostin and BAX, and the area percentage of VEGF were increased, in Type II DM, Type II DM +vitamin D and Type II DM +BM-MSCs groups. Vitamin D and BM-MSCs encountered significant amelioration in biochemical markers and histological & immunohistochemical changes induced by STZ with a more obvious improvement in the combined treated group.
Conclusion: Combined treatment of vitamin D and BM-MSCs significantly improved diabetic bone turnover compared to both vit. D, and MSCs injection alone by alleviating the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.