Introduction: Although aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3-NPs) are widely used, their possible hazards on male reproduction are not fully studied. Overproduction of oxidant species is the main mechanism of Al2O3-NPs induced histological changes in many organs. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) is a powerful antioxidant compound, which might alleviate these effects.
Aim of the Work: To assess the histological and biochemical changes induced by Al2O3-NPs on adult rat seminiferous tubules and the probable role of proanthocyanidin in attenuating these changes.
Materials and Methods: 24 adult male albino rats were divided into 4 equal groups: group I (Control group), group ΙΙ received oral GSPE at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day, group ΙΙI received 70 mg/kg/day of Al2O3-NPs orally, and group IV co-administrated GSPE and Al2O3-NPs at the same doses as in groups II and III. The rats were sacrificed after 28 days, blood samples were obtained for biochemical analysis. Semen samples were taken to measure sperm count and motile sperm percent. The testes were weighed and then processed for light and electron microscopic examination and calculation of Johnsen score. Statistical analyses of the obtained data were performed.
Results: Al2O3-NPs induced vacuolations and decline in the number of the lining cells of the seminiferous tubules. Degenerated and exfoliated spermatogenic cells were found together with abnormal sperm heads and tails. Additionally, disrupted blood testis barrier and Sertoli cells degenerative changes were seen. A statistically significant reduction in the levels of serum testosterone, antioxidant markers, Johnsen score, sperm parameters together with a statistically significant elevation in the oxidant profiles were noticed. Concomitant administration of GSPE with Al2O3-NPs resulted in improvement in the structure of the testis with restoration of nearly normal level of testosterone, antioxidant capacity and semen analysis.
Conclusion: GSPE ameliorates the testicular histochemical changes induced by the Al2O3-NPs. Public awareness of GSPE importance is essential.