Analyses were conducted to determine the microbiological and physicochemical water quality of the Koudiat Medouar Dam, which is used for irrigation and drinking water production for the city of Banta. These analyses focused on quantifying fecal contamination indicator bacteria, detecting pathogens, and measuring concentrations of certain physicochemical elements in the water. The chemical analysis results indicated that the variation in element concentrations is closely related to factors such as rainfall, geological substrate, and human activities. However, these levels remain too low to cause significant organic pollution, with the exception of nitrite concentrations, which exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) standard in July. The microbiological analysis revealed slight fecal contamination, identified by the presence of fecal bacteria, as well as other bacteria responsible for waterborne infections. These contaminations are mainly due to wastewater discharges, posing a potential threat to public health and the environment.