Bivalves are known to be contaminated with pollutants, particularly heavy metals, making them less suitable for human consumption. They are frequently used as bioindicators to assess trace metal pollution. To ensure the safety of bivalves intended for human consumption, a depuration period is necessary. This study aimed to conduct a literature review on depuration process, mechanism, techniques and factors that influence depuration efficiency in bivalves. The efficiency of depuration is influenced by various factors, including the size of the bivalves, their siphoning activity, physiological conditions, the type and amount of contamination, water quality parameters such as temperature and salinity, the ratio of shellfish to water, flow rate, oxygenation, species, and the duration of the depuration process.  Further research in this field is essential to develop effective strategies for heavy metal contamination control and management.