A study of the molecular diversity and phylogenetic analysis of some Sparidae species, which are ecologically and economically important, was carried out using 16S rRNA gene. This study focused on the phylogeny relationships amongst seven sparid species: Boops boops, Crenidens crenidens, Diplodus annularis, Diplodus sargus, Pagellus acarne,  Pagellus erythrinus, and Sparus aurata. The sequences of 16S rRNA were displayed in GenBank/NCBI databases to gain the accession numbers (OQ858300.1- OQ858306.1). The average frequencies of adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G) were 28.75, 22.42, 25.02, and 23.81%, respectively. Our findings proved the effectiveness of 16S rRNA in phylogenetic evaluation of the sparid species and validated the earlier findings of other authors that certain Sparidea family genera are not monophyletic.