Bangladesh is comparatively rich in inland fishery though poor in the marine fishery. There is a lack of studies to evaluate the difference between inland and marine fisheries yield using sound statistical tests. Thus, the study objective was to evaluate the gap between inland and marine fisheries production via appropriate statistical tests along with production and marketing challenges. The Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon U-test (MWWU) was used to check the significance level of difference, based on year-wise production from 2002 to 2021 collected from the country's fisheries department. Production and marketing challenges were summarized from the data collected through the interview of 45 respondents. There is a significant difference (P-value, 1.451e-11 < 0.01) between the inland and marine fisheries yield. From 2003 to 2021, the annual average fisheries production growth rate of Bangladesh was 4.83% (inland 5.32% and marine 2.65%), which was 1.86 times its population growth rate (2.57%). Bangladesh achieved its desired fish intake in 2016; however, this might not be sustained in the future because of the falling annual average growth rate ratio between production and population at 1.27 (< 1.94, FAO reference value) from 2.50 (> 1.94) after 2017. Increasing production costs, feed quality, and lack of producer organization are issues with a priority in the production process.  Whereas, poor market conditions, lack of administrative area-based demand estimation techniques, and long marketing channels are the radical concerns in fish marketing. The country is going into a fisheries trade deficit condition, but its vision is to earn foreign currency and meet animal protein demand from the fishery. To achieve its vision, production and marketing challenges should be addressed.