Water is essential for the survival of the human being; it is considered a driving force of all nature in addition to being the main key to sustainable development. In this framework, a qualitative approach was implemented to investigate the surface waters of the Soummam Ouad. The study site lies in the central northeastern side of Algeria in Kabylia, halfway between the Wilaya of Algiers and the Wilaya of Constantine (Algeria). This study was organized to provide a detailed report on the status and the current quality of this Wadi's waters. To accomplish this target, several physicochemical parameters were analyzed to specify the intensity and the violence of the persistent pollution in this Wadi, addressing these effects on the animal and plant biodiversity of this Oued. This study was conducted in December 2022 on the upstream, the center, and the downstream of this watercourse. The water under study was clearly soiled and dirty by several harmful and pernicious pollutants, which can alter and disintegrate the nature and life of the living beings of this aquatic ecosystem. These undesirable results disrupt the functioning of the environment and affect the health of all mankind as well as the biodiversity of both animals and plants. To handle this situation, proper management for all types of pollutants is required before they are discharged into the watercourses causing an imbalance in life.