Monitoring of phytoplankton primary productivity in the lake was of great importance to support the life of different aquatic organisms and fill the gap in the information concerning the most important factors that drive primary productivity. The current study investigates the phytoplankton primary productivity in Baghdad Island Tourist Lake and physicochemical parameters from November 2021 to May 2022. Monthly water samples were collected from November 2021 to May 2022, and the results were presented along wet and dry seasons. The results revealed that primary productivity ranged from 140.6 mg C/cm³/hr to 346.8 mg C/cm³/hr. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed three environmental factors that drive phytoplankton primary productivity, these were light penetration (LP), pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the dry season. While only two factors (water temperature (WT) and DO) were found to be important in the wet season. Sensitivity analysis showed three models, the first model included eight factors (WT, pH, EC, LP, DO, TOC, DOC, and TCO), and the second model included seven factors (WT, pH, EC, LP, DO, TOC, and DOC). While the third model included six factors (WT, pH, EC, LP, DO, and TOC). The trophic level of Baghdad Island Tourist Lake, according to primary productivity, is considered oligotrophic-mesotrophic.