Agriculture in Egypt is divided into two parts, traditional crops and non-traditional crops. Cumin and anise are two of the important crops that are grown in the city of Samalout. as their total cultivated areas were estimated at about 176 and 2150 acres, respectively, in 2021. However, the high costs of agricultural and production requirements led to the fluctuation of the cultivated areas of them, and thus the decrease in the amount of production. Therefore, this research aims to study and analyze the economics of the production of cumin and anise crops, with the aim of increasing the production of these two crops, and maximizing the return. In achieving its objectives, the research relied on the two methods of descriptive and quantitative economic analysis, as well as the method of simple, multiple and Stepwise regression. The results showed an inverse relationship between the amount of production per ton of the cumin crop and each of the number of human labor, the amount of mechanical work, the amount of seeds, the amount of chemical fertilizer, The quantity of the profit-maximizing output was estimated at about 4,006 tons. While the maximum amount of profit from the anise crop was estimated at about 5,335 tons, and the amount of optimal urban production for the average total costs amounted to about 2,743 tons. The research recommends more attention to medicinal and aromatic plants in general, cumin and anise crops in particular, and production according to economic rules.