The research aimed to answer the following question: "Is there a relationship between financial leverage and the financial performance of fertilizer and chemical production companies in the Egyptian public business sector?", by analyzing the financial data of the public business sector companies in the chemicals, fertilizers and agricultural pesticides sector which are Delta Fertilizers Company, Kima Company, Misr Chemical Industries Company, and El Nasr Fertilizers Company during the period 2019/2020 - 2021/2022. The research relied on a two-way ANOVA test, in addition to multiple linear regression using dummy variables to identify the relationship between financial leverage and the financial performance of the study companies. The research concluded that there is an inverse relationship between financial leverage and the financial performance of the four companies in the public business sector, indicating that obtaining these companies liabilities, especially in the long-term, it leads to a decline in the financial performance of these companies, especially in terms of achieving profits, which confirms by the weak financial indicators of public sector companies that rely on borrowing to finance their production operations. It also showed that the average return on sales in Nasr Fertilizers Company amounted to about 9,370 pounds during the study period, and Delta Fertilizers Company exceeds the average return on sales in Nasr Fertilizers Company by about 15,605 pounds, meaning that the average return on sales in Delta Fertilizers Company amounted to about 24,975 pounds, while it is lower in Kima Company and Misr Chemicals Company than the average return on sales in Nasr Fertilizers Company by about 5,376 pounds, 7,375 pounds respectively, meaning that the average return on sales in Kima Company and Misr Chemicals Company amounted to about 3,994 pounds, 1,995 pounds respectively.