The Agricultural sector serves all sectors and is responsible for ensuring food security by achieving self-sufficiency in agricultural products. especially strategic crops such as wheat and corn. as well as essential food items like oils and sugar. Despite this. the agricultural sector relies on imports for all production inputs. which burdens the agricultural trade balance. The study addresses the impact of the agricultural sector amid current economic changes. starting from national changes like currency liberalization and successive exchange rate increases. to global changes such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine crisis. These crises have affected both the global and Egyptian economies. The study aims to identify the challenges facing Egyptian agricultural foreign trade in light of global crises and the importance of finding solutions to mitigate the negative effects on foreign trade. while also explaining the current state of agricultural foreign trade under national and global economic changes.
The main findings indicate the impact of local and global changes on the most important strategic import crops in Egypt from 2000 to 2023. The average import quantity of wheat was about 9.535.1 thousand tons. with an annual growth rate of approximately 5.5%. The average import price of wheat was about $268.8 per ton. with an annual growth rate of about 3.2%. The average value of wheat imports was about $2.739.3 million. with an annual growth rate of about 8.7%. The average import quantity of corn was approximately 5.136 thousand tons. with an annual growth rate of about 3.9%. The average import price of corn was about $279.3 per ton. with an annual growth rate of about 6.3%. The average value of corn imports was approximately $1.902.9 million. with an annual growth rate of about 10.3%. The average import quantity of oils was around 1.062 thousand tons. with an annual growth rate of about 4%. The average import price of oil was about $526 per ton. with an annual growth rate of about 10.7%. The average value of oil imports was about $862.7 million. with an annual growth rate of about 12.6%. The average import quantity of sugar was about 355.2 thousand tons. with a decreasing annual growth rate of about 0.7%. The average import price of sugar was about $502.1 per ton. with an annual growth rate of about 1.9%. The average value of sugar imports was about $184.2 million. with a decreasing annual growth rate of about 1.1%.