Soil is a vital component in the agroecosystem that can control the forming and decomposition of carbohydrates through soil microbial activity. Carbohydrates are an essential part of our diet that can supply our bodies with more than half of human needs from energy. Carbohydrates also contribute to solving the global food crisis by supplying humans and animals with carbohydrate-based foods under different agroecosystems. This review focuses on the fantastic journey of carbohydrates in the agroecosystem, which starts from the soil as a leadingcentral pool for carbon sequestration and carbohydrates forming by plants, the practical microbial activities on carbohydrates, and the role of carbohydrates against climate change. This journey continues after forming carbohydrates by cultivated plants or their microbial decomposition till their consumption by humans/animals using the in vitro engineered digestion models. This journey can also show some applications of carbohydrates in different sectors such as food, ecology, pharma, therapeutics, and agriculture. Due to the importance of carbohydrate-based foods for human health, it is a crucial issue to present in vitro digestion models of such macro-molecules. Further studies on carbohydrates are needed on many global issues, including climate change, such as loss of soil fertility, soil erosion, and carbohydrate-based agro-biotechnology.