Carbon sequestration (CS) is a significant method for reducing climate change (CC) and enhancing soil fertility in agriculture. Many people are becoming increasingly worried about climate change, and researchers have been studying soils as a way to store CO2. Due to their significance in regulating the global carbon cycle, the methods of soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization have recently garnered considerable interest. SOC dynamics, focusing on how clay mineralogy affects soil retention and stabilization. Understanding how SOC stabilisation works can help in implementing effective management practices for storing soil organic matter (SOM), improving soil structure, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The effectiveness of SOC sequestration depends on the amount and quality of SOM, soil type, topography, mineral type, and CC. Soil carbon has been lost as a result of inadequate crop and soil management strategies. Over the world, 456 Pg of soil carbon is stored in dead organic matter and above-ground vegetation, compared to 1417 Pg in the first metre of soil. The agricultural sector is accountable for 25-30% of total worldwide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the form of CO2, N2O, and CH4. Soils that have a lot of organic matter can store more CO2, hence having healthy soils can assist in combating climate change. In addition, to sequester SOC, it is important to use organic materials like manure, minerals found in soil, different types of compost, poultry waste, incorporating leftover plant parts, biochar, and proper farming methods like covering the soil with mulch, planting cover crops, managing nutrients, and using mulch effectively. These methods help increase the amount of organic matter in the soil, improve its physical and chemical characteristics, and help the soil store more carbon, which ultimately helps with carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change.