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Root-Knot Nematode and Root-Rot Disease Complex Management in Tomato Plants with Virkon® S and Trichoderma viride

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Last updated: 31 Dec 2024

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Abstract

Associated microorganisms significantly influence plant diseases regarding inhibition and acceleration of the infection process. The root-knot nematode (N), Meloidogyne incognita complex with the root-rot fungal disease is an example of a disease complex that requires the collaboration of multiple pathogens to induce epidemic infection [(Pythium debaryanum (P), Fusarium solani (F) and Rhizoctonia solani (R)]. The disease complex is a significant problem due to the various interwoven diseases and the difficulties of using conventional approaches to control. Therefore, the study intended to introduce Virkon S as a nontraditional, non-selective, and non-persistent chemical sterilant agent for concurrent application with the multifunctional Trichoderma viride (T) bioagent. Based LC50 values tested by the poisonous medium technique after three days of incubation showed T bioagent had the highest tolerance to Virkon S (0.491 % w/v), while the R pathogen was the most sensitive to Virkon S (0.385 % w/v), followed by F (0.457 % w/v), and finally P (0.487 % w/v). Diseases caused by P, F, and R are ranked from most incidence to most severe on tomatoes. Applying T bioagent decreased disease significantly varied with pathogen accompanied by enhancing tomato growth parameters infected with whether nematode or pathogenic fungi. Conversely, the bioagent T successfully reduced fungal disease incidence and severity and the final nematode population in tomato roots and soils resulting from the complex infection of the nematode and fungi and varied considerably according to tested fungi with the least efficiency in PNT treatment. Moreover, applying Virkon S with T bioagent against the nematode-fungi disease complex enhanced plant growth parameters enhancement exceeded healthy plants to reach a maximum increase with NTR treatment supplemented with 1.5 % (w/v) Virkon S. While 1.5 and 3 % (w/v) Virkon S concentrations completely suppressed nematode parameters except for PNT treatment. 
Our findings indicate that combining the Virkon S with T. viride results in preliminary control of the root-knot nematode-root rot fungi complex. Virkon S effectively suppresses the nematode population. Then, T. viride bioagent completes the march after the Virkon S's success in its mission and degrades in the soil. So that the Trichoderma parasite on the root rot fungi can colonize the rhizosphere region, enhancing tomato growth parameters significantly. This combination represents a new strategy against root-knot nematodes and the soil-borne fungus disease complex.

DOI

10.21608/eajbsf.2023.300035

Keywords

Pythium debaryanum, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Meloidogyne incognita, Trichoderma viride, Virkon S, root-knot nematode, Root-rot, disease complex

Authors

First Name

Mahmoud

Last Name

Ramadan

MiddleName

M.

Affiliation

Plant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Zagazig, Egypt

Email

mahmoudram2010@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Ahmed

Last Name

Khairy

MiddleName

M.

Affiliation

Plant Pathology Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Zagazig, Egypt

Email

-

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Ramadan

Last Name

El-Ashry

MiddleName

M.

Affiliation

Plant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Zagazig, Egypt

Email

rmelashry@agri.zu.edu.eg

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Abdelhadi

Last Name

Ali

MiddleName

A. I.

Affiliation

Plant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Zagazig, Egypt

Email

aaalai@agri.zu.edu.eg

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Salonaz

Last Name

Awad

MiddleName

E.

Affiliation

Plant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Zagazig, Egypt

Email

-

City

-

Orcid

-

Volume

15

Article Issue

1

Related Issue

38914

Issue Date

2023-06-01

Receive Date

2023-02-23

Publish Date

2023-05-16

Page Start

139

Page End

156

Print ISSN

2090-0791

Online ISSN

2090-0864

Link

https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_300035.html

Detail API

https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=300035

Order

300,035

Type

Original Article

Type Code

6

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control

Publication Link

https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Root-Knot Nematode and Root-Rot Disease Complex Management in Tomato Plants with Virkon® S and Trichoderma viride

Details

Type

Article

Created At

23 Dec 2024