El-Beheira Governorate has diverse soil and irrigation water characteristics influenced by its geographical position, climate, and agricultural practices. Data were collected from ten locations in ten districts in El-Behira Governorate, Egypt. The soil and water samples were collected from ten farmers' fields before planting and mid-season respectively, in the 2022 and 2023 summer seasons. Yield and yield components were studied during harvesting seasons. The cultivated variety was Sakha 108 at all sites in both seasons. The soil in El-Beheira is generally fertile due to the deposits of nutrient-rich alluvium from the Nile River. However, continuous cropping and inadequate management practices can lead to nutrient depletion. Soil salinity is a concern in some areas, particularly in places with poor drainage and high evaporation rates (Edkou and Rachid districts). The quality of irrigation water from the Nile is generally good, with low salinity levels and pollutants. However, water quality can be affected by agricultural runoff, industrial discharges, and other sources of pollution upstream specifically at the end of the River Nile (Edkou and Rachid districts). Understanding and managing the soil and irrigation water characteristics are crucial for sustainable agriculture in El-Beheira Governorate.