ABSTRACT
Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) cause extensive damage to a variety of stored products, reducing their nutritional and monetary value. However, using insecticides to control these insects may have an impact on both human health and the environment. Therefore, identifying more environmentally friendly alternatives is critical that can be utilized as substitutes for pest or insect management, such as ozone gas, gamma radiation and plant oils. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of ozone gas, gamma radiation and four plant oils (clove, colonyth, garlic and camphor). The efficacy of ozone gas at 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 ppm on adult of T. castaneum was assessed. Mortality increased steadily as concentrations increased, except 2500 ppm give to 100% mortality after one-day post treatment. Also, the impact of gamma radiation was studied on irradiated adults of T. castaneum. No mortality was recorded at 10, 20, 40 and 60 GY after 5 days post treatment. While, after 10 days give 28% mortality at 60 GY. On the other hand, the reduction in F1-progeny give 67.16, 83.58, 100 and 100% at the same doses, respectively. In case of the four plant oils, the insecticidal energetic expanded as exposure time and concentration increased. The highest toxic plant oils was clove and camphor oils at 6 ml/kg (w/v) after one-day post cured (100% mortality). While, the garlic and colonyth oils was moderate death at the same concentration.