Background
One of the most frequent urological abnormalities in pediatric urology and the most frequent cause of hydronephrosis in the pediatric age group is uteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). Although its etiology has been the subject of several investigations, it is still unknown.
Objective
Comparing the quantitative changes in the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) between specimens with UPJO and specimens without hydronephrosis using light microscopy and correlating these changes to the etiology of the disease.
Methods
Patients with UPJO and patients without obstruction were compared immunohistochemically with c-kit (CD117) between February 2020 and February 2022 at Ain Shams University Hospital to quantify the ICC, which is situated close to the circular muscle layer and parallel to the muscle cells.
Results
Light microscopic analysis revealed that the control group's Cajal cell density was much higher than the number of cells in the patients with UPJ blockage.
Conclusion
Our research found that the mean density of the ICC was lower in UPJO patients compared with controls, indicating that the absence of the ICC may contribute to the pathogenesis of UPJO.