Diabetes mellitus (DM) is defined as a disease that results from an increase in the level
of glucose in the blood (Hyperglycemia) over the normal level as a result of lack or
reduction of insulin hormone secretion (from the beta cells of islets of Langerhans
located within the pancreas) of most vertebrates. Also, it occurs if there is a weakness
in the insulin mechanism of action, or both together. In addition, the defect in the
Insulin receptors as a result of epidemiological genetic disorders. Diabetes mellitus is
caused as a result of the deficiency of β cells in the pancreas, so the production of
insulin by these cells is either little or no, and this is known as Type 1 diabetes mellitus
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM 1). The body's use of insulin correctly
(insulin resistance) is known as type 2 diabetes mellitus noninsulin-dependent diabetes
mellitus (NIDDM 2). The work aims to Evaluate some immunological indicators and
knowledge of the immunological effects of type 1 diabetics and knowledge of the
relationship of age, sex, and duration of disease for patients.