Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause 
behind the excess morbidity and mortality observed in 
end-stage renal disease population. The vascular wall 
in uremia undergoes two major pathological changes 
being endothelial dysfunction occurring at the intimal 
level and vascular remodeling occurring in the media. 
Renal transplant recipients could actually gain benefit 
from the reduction of circulating uremic toxins 
affecting the vascular wall with a possible 
improvement in both endothelial dysfunction and 
arterial stiffness and thus cardiovascular events.