Abstract       All of this led to an increase in man's knowledge of himself and the world around him, and with regard to man, it became clear that the origin of man's creation was from a single cell, and that the tissues of his body are composed of cells, and each cell contains a nucleus, and this nucleus contains the genes that carry the genetic material, starting with From the qualities that all human beings share, and ending with the qualities that are unique to the individual.      After the discovery of the genetic material, research began to find out everything related to these genes in terms of traits or characteristics, using a new technique known as genetic engineering, which today has an important role in diagnosing and detecting diseases. for its treatment and prevention.