Bardawil lagoon, a hypersaline coastal lagoon located along the northern Mediterranean coast of Sinai, Egypt, plays a vital ecological and economic role, especially through its fishery resources. This study assesses the lagoon's environmental status by analyzing water and sediment quality. Key water parameters—such as temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and nutrient concentrations—were monitored across 12 stations during 2020. Salinity levels varied from 37.50 PSU to 57.21 PSU, with higher levels recorded in summer, driven by evaporation. Dissolved oxygen ranged from 4.31 mg/L to 8.21 mg/L, with lower values observed in warmer months, indicating seasonal oxygen stress. Sediment analysis revealed varying levels of the total organic matter (TOM) content ranged from 1.60% to 6.23%, reflecting different ecological conditions across the lagoon. Despite generally good water quality across most stations, increasing salinity, sediment accumulation, and pollution risks require continuous monitoring. The study highlights the importance of sustainable management practices to protect the biodiversity and fish productivity of this ecologically significant lagoon.