Egyptian agriculture is a vital sector of the country's economy, employing a significant portion of the population and contributing to food security and rural development. However, it faces various challenges that hinder its growth and sustainability. This study aims to identify and analyze the most significant problems affecting Egyptian agriculture from an economic perspective. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. A comprehensive review of existing literature on Egyptian agriculture provides a theoretical foundation for the research. Additionally, primary data is collected through interviews, surveys, and field observations, ensuring a holistic understanding of the challenges faced by farmers, policymakers, and stakeholders in the agricultural sector.            The analysis identifies several key problems that affect Egyptian agriculture. Firstly, limited access to finance and credit inhibits agricultural productivity and hampers the adoption of modern technologies and practices. This study explores the causes and consequences of financial constraints in the agricultural sector and suggests potential strategies to improve access to credit for farmers.           Secondly, water scarcity and inefficient irrigation practices pose significant challenges to Egyptian agriculture. The study examines the economic implications of water scarcity, explores the factors contributing to inefficient water management, and evaluates potential solutions to optimize water use in agriculture.            Thirdly, market inefficiencies and inadequate infrastructure, including transportation and storage facilities, hinder farmers' ability to effectively market their produce and access wider markets. This research investigates the economic impact of market inefficiencies, assesses the role of infrastructure in agricultural development, and suggests policy recommendations to enhance market linkages and infrastructure development. Furthermore, the study addresses the issue of land tenure insecurity, which affects agricultural investments and productivity. It explores the economic consequences of land tenure issues, examines the factors contributing to insecurity, and proposes measures to improve land governance and enhance the security of land tenure arrangements.             Lastly, the study analyzes the impact of climate change on Egyptian agriculture and evaluates the economic viability of climate adaptation and mitigation strategies. It highlights the need for sustainable farming practices and explores the potential economic benefits of climate-smart agriculture. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the most important economic problems facing Egyptian agriculture. The recommendations provided aim to inform policymakers, agricultural organizations, and stakeholders in their efforts to address these challenges and promote sustainable agricultural development in Egypt.