The buffalo's production has never been accomplished owing to many reproductive problems. Smooth inactive ovaries and low pregnancy rate are major constraint. Molecular genetics provide valuable information about genes underlying quantitative fertility traits. In order to understand better how the expression levels of PGES, HSP70, PPAR and SOD2 genes related to buffalo fertility. The present study investigated the expression levels of the genes in buffalo's endometrial and luteal tissues. Endometrial and luteal tissues collected from slaughtered female buffaloes (Cyclic, pregnant, smooth inactive ovaries) (n =7/group). Total RNA was extracted from such tissues and c-DNA was synthesized, RT-PCR was performed for five genes including GAPDH, PGES, HSP70, PPAR γ and SOD2. The results showing that, the PGES (essential for pregnancy maintenance) genes was significantly up regulated in pregnant animals endometrium and corpus luteum (CL) (p < 0.05) as compared to the smooth inactive ovaries. The expression of PPAR γ gene (essential for embryo development) was significantly up regulated (p < 0.01) in pregnant animal endometrium andCL comparing with the smooth inactive buffaloes ovaries , while, SOD2 (indicator of oxidative stress) gene was significantly up regulated in smooth inactive ovaries endometrium and down regulated in pregnant endometrium and CL (p < 0.01). HSP70 (indicator to several stress factors) expression was significantly (P < 0.01) up regulation in smooth inactive ovaries endometrium, down regulated in pregnant buffaloes endometrium and CL (p < 0.01). All genes expression are significantly (P < 0.01) higher in endometrium than in CL.
In conclusion, PPAR γ and PGES genes were down regulated in infertile buffaloes (smooth inactive ovaries) and it up regulated in pregnant buffalo, while SOD2 and HSP70 genes were down regulated in pregnant animals and up regulated in smooth inactive ovaries. These genes can be used to select fertile and exclude infertile buffaloes