The research aims to study the effect of microbiological damage on the Beit al-Wali temple on Kalabsha Island. In this research, the Nubian sandstone was examined and analyzed using polarizing microscopes, scanning electron microscopes, X-ray diffraction analysis, petrographic examination of selected samples, and analysis by X-ray fluorescence, in order to find a suitable solution. To eliminate microbiological damage to the Holy of Holies in the Temple of Beit al-Wali through an experimental scientific approach to identify the types of microbiological risks and their effects on the temple, and to treat in a safe way that is not harmful to the environment, safe to human health and not harmful to the effect, by evaluating the efficiency of some selected essential oils in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that It was isolated from the temple using extracts (volatile oils), namely: marjoram oil, thyme oil, peppermint oil, and star anise oil.