Abstract
Camels are well recognized as the primary source for milk and meat production in desert regions. Camels are considered the animal of food security under the marginal environmental conditions of Egypt, beside its important role against climate changes under desert conditions. They are seen as valuable assets and a form of insurance against natural disasters that frequently occur in these areas, often resulting in the death of livestock. As a result, protecting them and their products from infection is the most formidable challenge they face. Despite camels being immune to numerous infectious diseases, studies have demonstrated that they are susceptible to acquiring mastitis, if left undetected and untreated; it might result in significant economic losses.
Camel milk has significant amounts of calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu). It has low sugar content and reduced cholesterol levels, while also being rich in vitamin C. Mastitis has been documented in nearly all countries where camels are raised. In addition to reducing milk supply, it has detrimental effects on both humans and nursing calves. Several pathogenic pathogens have been identified as the underlying causes of mastitis in camels.
Nevertheless, bacterial infections are widely recognized as the main underlying factor responsible for mastitis in camels like Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. Hence, it is imperative to focus on directing preventive and control measures towards early detection, treatment, and the avoidance of potential risk factors. This is crucial for protecting the camel due to its significant value.