In all historical experiences, the state played a prominent role in economic life in particular and in the total development process in general. That role was not in the void. Rather, it was an integral part of the development philosophy and economic school, to which the decision makers belonged in the different countries and historical eras. At the theoretical level, we can distinguish between three basic schools of thought when determining the role of the state in the economic life: the Neoclassical School, the Self-Dependence or Independent Development School and the Organizational or State Development School. The first school is based on the idea of “invisible hands” introduced by Adam Smith, which depends on the free market mechanisms in achievin immediate balance in all markets, the balance that maximizes the profits of producers and the benefits of consumers, hence the welfare of the whole society in general. The supporters of the Neoclassical School or its contemporary formula known as the “Washington Consensus” policies believe that the state should limit its role in the economic activity and should focus on improving the market efficiency in achieving the society’s goals through the different incentive systems.