Background: MicroRNAs are gene expression regulators, associated with several human pathologies. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune systemic disease characterised by symmetrical inflammatory polyarthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis mainly impacts smaller joints, although it can also affect large joints. Objectives: To evaluate the expression profile of miRNA-34a and the serum levels of erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR), rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP), anticyclic cetrolinated peptide (Anti-CCP) in both patients and control group and to find their association with disease progression in RA patients and evaluate their significance as novel markers for RA. Subjects and methods: This study included 100 female patients and 100 female healthy controls with mean ages of controls and patients (37.44±23.10 and 49.74±9.775 respectively).  ESR, serum CRP, RF and Anti-CCP were investigated. We examined the expression of micro ribonucleic acid 34a (miRNA-34a) in patients with RA and controls by using quantitative time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was constructed for RA patients to establish the diagnostic accuracy of miRNA-34a in differentiating RA patients from control people. Results: ESR, serum CRP, RF and Anti-CCP were 37.44±23.10 mm/h, 22.72±1.44 IU/ml, 16.56±0.842 IU/ml and 28.09±6.68 EU/ml, respectively. The findings revealed a significant decrease in micro ribonucleic acid-34a (miRNA-34a) expression with fold change (0.312). Regarding the ROC curve, specificity and sensitivity of miRNA-34a were 62% and 61.62%, respectively. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.630 and cut-off point was 9.79. Conclusion: Expression profile of miRNA-34a can be used as novel markers for RA.