The aim of this review is to compile some dispersed literature published about heavy metals affect fish especially that cultured in fresh water in Egypt (Kafr Elsheikh Governorate) such as Iron, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Cadmium and Lead (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd and Pb) in relation to the effect of using some microalgae (Cyanobacteria) in order to help in prevention of heavy metals adverse effect or at least to ameliorates it's adverse effect on fish. In Kafr Elsheikh Governorate the agricultural drainage water is considered as one of the most important water sources for fish farms in addition to industrial drainage water especially from Kitchener canal which collects El Gharbia governorate agricultural, industrial drainage water and sewage wastewater and sewage drainage water of Kafr Elsheikh city and industrial drainage water of spinning factories of Kafr Elsheikh. So drainage water is therefore contaminated with salts, agricultural chemicals (pesticides and heavy metals) and other pollutants as pathogens from domestic.