Nowadays, there is excessive use of chemical fertilizers to reach high crop productivity without
considering its environmental negative impacts. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of partial replacement of mineral fertilizers with biofertilizer (yeast) on growth, yield and essential oil content of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf). The experiment was carried out during 2018 and 2019 seasons at the Agricultural Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Aswan University, Sahary, Aswan, Egypt. The results  showed a variation in the plants response to reducing mineral fertilizer and replacing it with yeast. There were significant decreases in tillers number and fresh biomass of the plant, while the decreases were less in the dry biomass of plants, leaf greenness, as well as the essential oil yield. On the other hand, the oil percentage was not affected by the decrease in the amount of mineral fertilizer. From these results, it is recommended for sustainable agriculture that strikes a balance between productivity and environmental considerations, reducing mineral fertilizer to 50-75% NPK combined with bio-fertilizer.