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253697

Apple cider vinegar: Effective adjuvant treatment for aerobic vaginitis

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Last updated: 05 Jan 2025

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Abstract

Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is a vaginal infection caused mainly by overgrowth of Escherichia coli and a reduction of Lactobacilli in the vagina. The infection is linked with adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth. The current medical therapy for AV with antibiotics is associated with adverse effects and necessitates the use of alternative treatments. Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is a natural fermented product produced from apples and is reported to exhibit potent antibacterial activity. ACV also contains lactic acid bacteria, which can act as probiotics. Symptoms of AV can be improved by restoring the disturbed microbial imbalance rather than exposing the vagina to synthetic drugs. Hence, an attempt was made to investigate whether ACV could support growth of the beneficial bacteria and inhibit growth of the pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli in the vagina. In vitro evaluation of the anti-bacterial potential of ACV against E. coli showed a potent antibacterial activity, recording a zone of inhibition diameter of 32.9 ± 0.5 mm; however, no zone of inhibition was observed against Lactobacillus acidophilus. Turbidimetric analysis was used to ensure growth of the bacteria in a simulated vaginal fluid (SVF) by using a nephelometer as a Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU). Both E. coli and L. acidophilus were grown individually in SVF containing ACV. The ACV expressed antibacterial efficacy against E. coli and favoured growth of L. acidophilus in the SVF. Conclusively, ACV can help in growth of the beneficial bacteria and restore the natural microbiota of the vagina, thus proving to be beneficial in the management of AV.

DOI

10.21608/nrmj.2022.253697

Keywords

E. coli, L. acidophilus, apple cider vinegar, Simulated vaginal fluid, aerobic vaginitis, Turbidimetry

Authors

First Name

Vinita

Last Name

C. Patole

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune Maharashtra, India

Email

vinita.patole@dypvp.edu.in

City

-

Orcid

0000-0001-9544-4074

First Name

Jayashri

Last Name

G. Mahore

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune Maharashtra, India

Email

-

City

-

Orcid

0000-0002-5356-9466

First Name

Tanaji

Last Name

D. Nandgude

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune Maharashtra, India

Email

-

City

-

Orcid

0000-0002-7980-4188

First Name

Anil

Last Name

Gutte

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune Maharashtra, India

Email

anilgutte50@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

Volume

6

Article Issue

4

Related Issue

35822

Issue Date

2022-07-01

Receive Date

2022-07-10

Publish Date

2022-07-01

Page Start

1,659

Page End

1,669

Print ISSN

2537-0286

Online ISSN

2537-0294

Link

https://nrmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_253697.html

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https://nrmj.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=253697

Order

253,697

Type

Original Article

Type Code

2,265

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Novel Research in Microbiology Journal

Publication Link

https://nrmj.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Apple cider vinegar: Effective adjuvant treatment for aerobic vaginitis

Details

Type

Article

Created At

23 Jan 2023