Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is considered as an important crop in the Arabian Gulf. Lot of
date palm leaves and rachis were collected annually and considered waste that causes problem for the
environment. In this work, the cellulose fiber was isolated from two by-products of the date palm
tree, rachis, and leaflets by acid hydrolysis and bleaching treatments. The isolated cellulose fiber was
modified by grafting with acrylamide to convert into composite polymer to use in the purification of
waste water. There are numerous advantages to using isolated cellulose fiber and its composite
polymer. This fiber is widely used in modern industries and has replaced conventional materials due
to their high specific strength, light weight, low cost, recyclability, biodegradability, and long
durability. All prepared samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction,
the energy dispersive X-ray and scanning electron microscopy. The results obtained indicate that the
percent of cellulose was increased and the percent of lignin and hemicellulose was decreased after the
isolation and bleaching processes and the cellulose fiber obtained from date palm by-products
characterized by high crystallinity. Grafted samples copolymers were used in removal of methyl
orange from waste water to study the role of cellulose grafted samples in purification of it as an
application in our study. The maximum adsorption of MO occurs at pH 3.0 after 15 h, and the
maximum adsorption capacity calculated from Langmuir is 48.12 mg/g. Date palm fibers considering
as a promising alternative substitute to synthetic fibers in polymer composite industry.