The shoulder joint is one of the most important joints in the human body. The lateral angle of the scapulae becomes broadened and forms the glenoid cavity, which articulates with the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint. This paper studies morphological features of the glenoid cavity and measures various dimensions of the glenoid in dry human scapulae bone that are important to designing proper glenoid prostheses for total shoulder arthroplasty. This study was done on 40 dry human scapulae to study the parameters of the glenoid cavity (superior-inferior diameter, anterior-posterior diameter, and shape of the glenoid cavity). The results illustrated that the superior-inferior diameter of the glenoid on the right side was 35.85 ± 2.15 mm and 34.41 ± 1.75 mm on the left side. The glenoid shapes were pear, with 50 % on the right side and 45 % on the left, inverted comma, with 40% on the right and 45 % on the left, and oval, with 15 % on the right and 15% on the left. Anatomical variations of the glenoid cavity are important for understanding the various diseases of the shoulder joints and in the design of glenoid components for total shoulder arthroplasty.