The main objectives of this research are directly related to the use of economic solutions to solve the problem of freshwater scarcity under Egypt's vision 2030. Adsorption desalination systems are an alternative technology to traditional water desalination systems. Adsorption desalination systems are characterized by the possibility of operating using a solar collector, which contributes to saving electricity and the possibility of applying it in remote areas. Also, desalination systems use environmentally friendly materials, limiting global warming and environmental pollution. Therefore, this work presents a study of the optimal operating conditions for an adsorption desalination system driven by solar energy in the climate of Sohag city-Egypt. The system uses one of the most efficient water vapor-absorbing adsorbents called MOF-27Ni. Optimum operating conditions include investigation of heating and cooling temperatures, flow rates, and operating time. It also includes a comparison between theoretical and practical results to verify the validity of the results. The results showed that the highest performance achieved 5 (m³/ton-day) specific daily water productions (SDWP) and 0.23 coefficient of performance (COP).